Concretion Reconstruction Protocol

Concretion Reconstruction Protocol (Using a 1:1 Replica Model)

Objective: To reconstruct the original spatial distribution of marine concretion fragments and associated biological assemblages on the Athlit Ram using a full-scale fiberglass replica and 3D scanning workflow.

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Materials and Equipment

  • 1:1 fiberglass replica of the Athlit Ram
  • Archived concretion fragments
  • Freescan Combo portable handheld metrology-grade 3D laser scanner
  • Shining 3D
  • FreeScan software
  • Archaeological artifact reconstruction specialist
  • Workstation for digital processing

Athlit Ram fiberglass model #

Procedure

  1. Preparation of the Replica
    • Position the 1:1 fiberglass replica in a stable working environment.
    • Inspect the replica surface to confirm preservation of the ram morphology following concretion removal.

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2. Physical Reconstruction of Concretion Distribution

  1. Collect and organize all archived concretion fragments.
  2. Fragment placement should be guided by the “negative” created when removed.

  1. Temporarily place fragments onto the replica surface according to their presumed original positions.

  2. Adjust fragment positions iteratively until stable spatial correspondence is achieved.

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3. 3D Digitization

  1. Scan the reconstructed replica using the Freescan Combo handheld laser scanner.

  2. Perform scanning in infrared mode.
    • Infrared mode is suitable for large textured surfaces.
    • Surface markers are not required.
  3. Maintain a working accuracy of 0.5 mm during acquisition.
    • Manufacturer instrument specification: 0.02 mm accuracy.

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4. Digital Processing

  1. Import scan data into FreeScan software.
  2. Process and align scan datasets to generate a complete 3-dimensional model.
  3. Inspect the digital reconstruction for continuity and surface integrity.

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5. Spatial Mapping and Visualization

  1. Use the final 3D model for visualization of concretion distribution.
  2. Map the spatial distribution of biological recruitment and associated assemblages across the ram surface.
  3. Export models and figures for further archaeological and ecological analyses.

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6. Data

Following spatial reconstruction and mapping, fragment-associated information should be systematically organized in a table format for future analytical integration.

Location Live cover (Y/N) Width Length Name Date
           
           
           
           
           

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Notes

  • Fragment placement is interpretive and based on morphological correspondence.
  • Reconstruction should prioritize physical fit consistency over complete surface coverage.
  • Marker-free infrared scanning reduces interference with fragile or irregular fragment surfaces.

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Archaeological Fragment Reconstruction

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Instrumentation and Software Resources and protocols

Written on May 20, 2026